Introduction to the Network Communication Technology
Here you will learn network communication technology, LAN, WAN, satellite transmission, wireless technology, mobile and Bluetooth technology. Communication is the process of exchanging information and ideas. There are many ways of communication and many different language systems are involved in it. Communication is the successful transmission of the information through a system of symbols, writing, signals, speech or signs. Today computer is available everywhere so there is a need of sharing data and other programs among the different computers. Now a user in one part of the world can communicate with a user at different part of the world by means of computer transmission system.identify different components of a compute network, explain the
protocols involve in the communication and understand the different
types of the network communication such as LAN, WAN, wireless
transmission, radio transmission and satellite communication. The basic
elements of the communicating system are sender, medium and receiver.
In data transmission these four elements are frequently used such as
data, signals, signaling and transmission. A computer network is
consisting of two or more computers connected together using a
telecommunication system for sharing data and resources.
Communication Protocols
It
is very interesting to know that how computers send and receive the
information across the communication links. Computers do this job by
the help of data communication software. It is software that enables
computers to communicate with each other. The data transmission
software tells the devices and computers how to send information to the
other computers. The software that is used for the data transmission is
known as protocol. The data transmission software or protocols perform
the following basic functions.
1.Data Routing: In the data
routing process the most efficient route is to find to send the data
from the source to the destination.
2. Flow control: The flow control regulates the process of sending data
between fast sender and slow receiver.
3. Error Control: Error detection and recovery is the most important
factor of the data transmission software (protocols). It ensures the
error free transmission of the data.
Data Transmission Modes
There are three basic steps of transmitting the data from one point to another.
1. Simplex: In the simplex mode of the transmission the communication
takes place only in one direction and the receiver receives the signals
in one direction this is also known as uni-directional transmission
2. Half-duplex: In half duplex mode of transmission signals are sent in
both directions but one direction at a time so half duplex lines can
alternatively send and receive data.
3. Full-duplex: In the full duplex transmission mode the communication
channels is used to send and receive the data in both directions at the
same time. Example of this kind of transmission is the telephone lines.
The following are the basic types of the computer networking and transmission.
LAN
LAN stands for the local area network and it represents a small or a large area such as a building, school or a small office. All the computers in a LAN are connected with each other and they can access each other. LAN is normally accommodated within the small area. All the computers in a common type of LAN are connected with a central device known as a hub or a switch. As the number of the LAN’s computers increase the speed tends to decrease in the LAN. LAN computers can be wired or wireless.
WAN
WAN or wide area network is types of computer network that covers a large geographical area and that is usually consisting of two or smaller computer networks. The internet is a type of a WAN. The LAN networks can be publically or privately owned. There are a number of WAN technologies used:
• Point-to-point links – point to point links connect the customer’s premises to the main network through a telephone line.
• WAN devices – There are a number of the WAN devices such as routers,
switches, modems, ATM switches, access servers and ISDN adapters.
• Packet switching – In this type the customer’s share carrier’s network. The cost is usually cheaper for the customers.
• Circuit switching – in this type the data transmission is initiated
when it is needed and stopped what it is not needed. ISDN is an example
of the circuit switching network. It is more reliable and fast
communication type.
• WAN virtual circuits –This is a shared network with two or more other networks.
• WAN dial-up services – It is a very cheap way to initializing a network and it uses telephone line to connect the internet
Internet
The internet is a world’s largest publically accessible network of interconnected computer networks that sends the data by the packet switching and by using the standard internet protocol. Internet consists of millions of smaller, domestic, academic, business, governments and publically owned networks. The interconnected computers on the internet carry various types of information such as web pages, emails, news, music, video, images and data.
Public Switched network
The public switched network or PSTN is a network of world’s public circuit-switched telephone network in the same way as the internet is a network of world’s IP based networks. PSTN is now a digital system and includes mobile and fixed telephones.
Telecommunication
Telecommunication is the process of transmission of signals over a large distance for the purpose of transmission. This process normally involves sending of the electromagnetic waves by electronic transmitters. Telecommunication is the process of communication for television, radio and telephones. Computer data transmission across the internet is a type of the telecommunication. Telecommunication systems are generally designed by the telecommunication engineers. In the recent time the fiber optic cables have radically increased the bandwidth for the transmission channels.
Wireless Networks
Wireless Networks are the computer networks that communicate through the use of the radio waves and the current standard for this the IEEE 802.11 x standard, which is also, called Wi-Fi. Currently there are three Wi-Fi standards a, b and g and n and i standards are currently being in the development phase. 802.11b was the first wi-fi standard and has a maximum speed of 11 Mbps.
1.
Infrared Transmission- It sends the data signals using the
infrared-light waves at a frequency which is too low for human eyes.
Infrared ports can be found in the digital cameras, laptops, and
printers
2. Broadcast Radio- A wireless transmission medium that
sends data over the long distances such as regions and countries upto 2
MB per second such as FM and AM radio.
3. Microwave Radio- It transmits voice and data at 45 MB per second by
using the radio waves
4. Communications Satellites- These are the microwave relay stations in
the orbit around the earth.
5. Bluetooth- Bluetooth is a wireless short range transmission
specification and it was supported by a large number of the
communication companies such as Nokia, Erickson, Intel and IBM. The
range of the Bluetooth is 10 meters and it supports voice and data
transmission at a rate of up to 1Mbps with the frequency range of 2.4
to 2.48 GHz. Bluetooth is a radio technology which works even in the
areas of electromagnetic disturbances.
SATELLITE COMMUNICATION
A communication satellite is an artificial satellite station in space for the purpose of telecommunication. There are several types of the satellites such as astronomical, communication, earth observation, navigational satellites, reconnaissance satellites, solar power satellites, space stations and weather satellites.
Applications of Satellites
There are different applications of the satellite such as telephony, television and radio, direct broadcast satellite, fixed service satellite, mobile satellite technologies, satellite and broadband service.
